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The purpose of this study is to establish the efficacy and safety of two different doses of alemtuzumab as a treatment for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), in comparison with Rebif® (interferon beta-1a). The study will enroll patients who have received an adequate trial of disease-modifying therapies but continued to relapse while being treated, and who meet a minimum severity of disease as measured by MRI. Patients will have monthly blood tests and comprehensive testing every 3 months.

Every patient will receive either alemtuzumab or rebif; there is no placebo. Patients who qualify will be randomly assigned to treatment with either low-dose alemtuzumab, high-dose alemtuzumab, or Rebif® at a 2:2:1 ratio (ie, there is a 4-in-5 chance patients will be assigned to receive alemtuzumab treatment and a 1-in-5 change patients will be assigned to receive Rebif® treatment). Alemtuzumab will be administered in two annual cycles, once at the beginning of the study and again 1 year later. Rebif® will be self-injected 3 times per week for as long as the study continues. All patients will be required to return to their study site every 3 months for neurological assessment. In addition, a safety-related blood test will be performed at least monthly. Participation in this study is estimated to last between 2 and 4 years; patients who receive alemtuzumab will be followed for at least 3 years after their last dose of alemtuzumab.